Lauren+Sowinski

Lauren-Great summary! Please add the name of your book, the page numbers you are covering, the entry number and the date of the entry. Remember you need 5 vocabulary words. Mrs. W //We are Witnesses// Adolf Hitler dreamed of creating an empire that would last a thousand yeas and declared that millions of Jewish men, women and children would have to be killed to bring it about. This section of my book is about the beginning of the Holocaust, and it sets the boundaries of where Hitler ruled, and how awful it was for the Jews in Germany. This book is contains the diaries of five children during the Holocaust, Eva, David, Moshe, Yitzhak, and Anne Frank. These kids were writing about how awful it was going through school, because they were Jews, and how they had to start going to all Jewish schools, because they were not accepted into normal schools. They thought that nothing could get any worse, and that everything that was going on withe poor Jewish families was the worst thing that could have ever happened to them, but they were wrong, it could get worse. Three of their families had to take them out of school, because they were being taken to concentration camps, and at that concentration camp, when Eva was just thirteen years old, she was killed. This section was only the beginning of the Holocaust.

vocabulary barracks-a building, or a group of buildings for lodging soldiers superiority-greater in quality or quantity, high extraordinary backlash-a sudden, forceful, backward movement purging-to rid of, clear or cleanse

We are Witnesses By-Jacob Boas Entry 2....pages 13-26 3-23-11 David Runinowicz was a young Polish Jew, who lived in Krajnos Poland in a small wooden house with his little brother, little sister, and his parents. Today there are few remains of David, no school bears his name, no tablet or plaque of any description marks his brief time on Earth, there is no grave, and the house that he lived in no longer stands. The only remains of David is the diary that he kept for two years during the Holocaust, and one single picture that was taken when he was in fourth grade. David's dad was a dairyman, but they gave their cow away, because they knew that the Germans would take it, and they didn't want that to happen. David writes in his diary that he would look out the window of his house and he would see militiamen walking down the road and taking Jews away. Once, a militiaman came into their home and beat a Jew in David's home, while David and his whole family were standing there to watch. David writes about all of the things that he heard about, and that he even witnessed with his own eyes, such as watching Jews get shot from Germans driving by, and hearing a story about how militiamen tied a Jewish man to a sleigh and made him run after it, when he could not run any longer, they shot him. David's family was now being forced to move to Bodzentyn Poland, or otherwise they would be captured and have to work in labor camps.

Vocabulary Manacle- a shackle for the hand- handcuff Bayonet- a daggerlike steel weapon that is attached to or at the muzzle of a gun and used for stabbing or slashing Atrocities- extremely or shockingly wicked, cruel or brutal Mincing/Mincer- to cut or chop into very small pieces Enroute- on the way

Entry 3....pages 26-39 3-25-11 Moving to Bodzentyn was terrible for the Rubinowiczs. David did not like their new home at all, and he often dreamed of home. The first terrible thing that happened was them being robbed. A second thing that made them hate their new home even worse was that there was a new decree that all Jews from the age of 12 to 69 had to be labor workers. One of the hardest things for David was watching the militiamen go into his aunts home and search it, he really did not like their new home. Every Jew that David knew,and that was around him, started falling apart, they could not take this hatred and cruelty any longer.

Vocabulary <span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; position: static;">Scrounging-to gather together or borrow <span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; position: static;">Reveries-a state of dreamy meditation/ daydream <span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; position: static;">Borne-to hold up or suport <span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; position: static;">Shirkers-a person who evades work, duty or responsibility <span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; position: static;">Dwelling-building or home/ place of residence

<span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; position: static;">Entry 4....pages 39-50 <span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; position: static;">4-4-11 <span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; position: static;">Yitzhak Rudashevski was born on December 10,1927, in Vilna Lithuania. His dad was a typesetter, and his mom was a seamstress. Many things would change during Yitzhak's life in the Holocaust. Lithuania became the Lithuanian Republic, Vilna was honored as the center of learning, Jewish kids had to start going to different schools, and Yiddish became an official language. Yitzhak started going to a school that taught all Yiddish, and he writes in Yiddish in his diary. Vilna was a huge Jewish town, and Yitzhak writes about all of the persecutions and murders that happened in his town. One time a Nazi attack was so bad that Yitzhak's school was closed.

<span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; position: static;">Vocabulary <span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; position: static;">Intellect-a particular mind or intelligence <span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; position: static;">Devout-the earnest or sincere <span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; position: static;">Affiliation-the state of being associated <span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; position: static;">Bulwark-protection against external danger <span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; position: static;">ideological-speculaticve/ visionary

<span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; position: static;">Entry 5....pages 50-62 <span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; position: static;">4-6-11 <span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; position: static;">Yitzhak and his family were forced to move to a ghetto in Lithuania. Yitzhak's father had a job in a storehouse, and he had a white certificate. In mid-October 1941, the white certificate became worthless, and was replaced with a yellow certificate, the new color of life. The yellow pass granted immunity to the owner, a spouse, and 2 children. If you did not have a yellow card, by the time they stopped making them, then you would be killed. Yitzhak's friend, Benkye Nayer, was killed, because no one accepted him as part of their yellow certificate. Yitzhak's mother got a yellow certificate, because she worked at a certain tailor shop. Yitzhak was safe for now because of this.

<span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; position: static;">Vocabulary <span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; position: static;">Jaundice-yellow discoloration of the skin <span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; position: static;">Munitions-weapons used in war <span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; position: static;">Imploring-to beg urgently <span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; position: static;">Blintz-a thin pancake, rolled or folded around a filling <span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; line-height: 16px;">Maline-hideout

=<span style="color: #ff0000; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; line-height: 16px;">Lauren-Entry #6 was due on Friday, April 8. You were not done, so this is being counted as a 'late' assignment. Please finish ASAP. Mrs. W. 4/ = =Entry 6...pages 62-75= Yitzhak was deciding whether he shoulld quit school or not, because the schools were awful for Jewish kids, but Yitzhak loved to learn. A school was made for the Jewish kids that lived in the ghetto that Yitzhak lived in, and Yitzhak went to this home school. In the ghetto where Yitzhak lived, there was "the club" which was a place where kids could study, relax, or play. Yitzhak often went there. On December 11, 1942, Yitzhak had the happiest day he had ever had in the ghetto. On that day, the members of the club got 220 pounds of potatoes and managed to make as much food as they could.

Vocabulary negligent- guilty ambiguity- doubtfulness dais- a raised platform importuning- to press or demand with urgency vituperative- characterized by vituperation

Entry 7...pages 75-90 When Yitzhak was 14, the United Partisan Organization (F.P.O) was made, with a ghetto revolt as its goal. The F.P.O was the first first Jewish organization to prepare for armed resistance. Yitzhak's last diaty entry was on April 7, 1943, which was two days after his ghetto was liberated. The final words in his diary were, "We may be fated for the worst." Moshe Ze'ev Flinker was born in The Hague on October 9, 1926. He had had five sisters and one brother. His father was a Polish Jew, who had moved to Holland before Moshe's birth. The Flinkers were Orthodox Jews who would eat only kosher food.

Vocabulary Implored- to beg urgently Retorted- to reply or answer Partisan- a supporter of a person, group or party Municipal- of or pertaining to a town or city or its local government Exile- expulsion from one's native land

Entry 8....pages 90-102 Moshe starts going to school and The Hague, and makes a lot of friends, and meets a lot of new people. He is just getting used to being around girls, and during the summer that he ends his first year of shcool at The Hague, he falls in love with a girl, but he doesnt mention her exact name in his diary. He went to see a movie called Jew Suss, and it portrayed a man that hated Jews, and Moshe became very angry, but he said that the movie was a crowd pleaser. Moshe officially got his identity card.

Vocabulary Merit-claim to respect and praise Omen-anything that is believed to happen in the future Frivolous-unconcerned, carefree Croscope-an instrument determining the freezing point of a liquid solution Impudent-shameless

Entry 9....pages 102-114 4-16-11 Moshe had to stop going to The Hague, so he misses his friends greatly, especially Finkel, and the girl he loved. Moshe could not make any new friends in Brussels, because he could not tell them that he was a Jew, and that was too hard for him. Moshe said the Eighteen Benedictions everyday, and he writes about how he wants to be like Moses. He said that he will start striving to not lose his temper, he wanted to become a diplomat. Zionism started being practiced in Europe. ZIonism was the political movement that strove for the reestablishment of a Jewish homeland in the Middle East. Moshe thought that the Jews might even have their own country. Moshe's family was arrested on April 7, 1944.They were sent to Auschwitz, where Moshe and his parents were murdered. His younger brother and his five sisters survived. His sisters found his diary in the basement in the apartment building in Brussels where they were living during the war.

Vocabulary Juncture- point of time Yearning- longing Degradation- humiliating Exalted- raised or elevated, as in rank or character Deliverance- salvation/ liberation

Entry 10....pages 114-126 4-18-11 Eva Heyman was born on February 13, 1931. Eva grew up in Nagyvarard, Varard, it was part of Romania, and at one point, Hungary. Eva's grandfather owned a pharmacy, and was a very smart man, but he got his pharmacy taken away, because he was a Jew. Eva never really knew who her father was, her mother married her second husband, and they left Eva to live with her grandparents. Eva's mother lived in Paris when the Germans attacked Poland, and Eva still lived in Nagyvarard, Varard. Eva had no brothers or sisters, and she missed her mother dearly. Now she only had her grandparents, who were Jews, just like she was.

Vocabulary Pengos- a silver coin of Hungary Ethnography- a branch of anthropolog<span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; line-height: 16px;">y dealing with the scientific description of individual cultures Naturedly- pure natural Exulted- to show or feel a triumphant joy Governess- a woman who is employed to take charge in a child's upbringing

Entry 11....pages 126-136 4-20-11 Eva had a friend named Marta. Marta was two years older than Eva, and was a genius in dance. Marta's family was told that they would have to be shipped to Poland. Therefore, Marta would probably not ever see Eva again. After Marta left, Eva spent a month writing in her journal about Marta's life. She called it "Marta's Story." Eva's mother was arrested on April 18, because a Christian relative brought Eva's mom's forged documents and offered to smuggle them to Budapest. The Nazi's came and took Eva's bicycle away from her and she writes about how big of a tragedy that was.

Vocabulary Summoned- to call upon or do something specific Forthcoming- approaching Gentile- of or pertaining to any people not Jewish Fictitious- created, taken, or assumed for the sake of concealment Extolling- to praise highly

Entry 12...pages 136-148 4-22-11 Eva, her grandparents, and her mom were moved to a concentration camp, thanks to the help of a family friend. The ghetto was enclosed by a wooden fence that was seven feet tall, and there were very strict rules in the ghetto. The Hungarian and German police checked the ghetto twice a day. It was supposed to quiet night and day, and noise was forbidden. All Eva could ever think about was how the Germans had killed her dear friend Marta. Eva wondered about them killing her, because she too was a girl just like Marta. Eva writes that she wishes she could go anywhere at all in the world where they did not know she was a Jew. Eva had a dream one night that she was killed, and she met Marta.

Vocabulary Commissioners- a representative to act official Gendarme- a police officer in European countries Allocated- to set apart for a purpose Declension- the inflection of nouns Municipality- the governing body of a district or community

Entry 13...pages 148-160 4-25-11 Eva was shipped to Auschwitz, and on October 17, 1944, Dr. Mengele found her a and took her to a crematorium where she was killed. Agi, Eva's mom, and Bela, Eva's uncle, survived the war. Anne was born on June 12, 1929, in Frankfurt, Germany. Her mother and father, Edith and Otto Frank, grew up very wealthy. Anne had an older sister named Margot. Anne's father grew up in Frankfurt, and kept his family there. Anne was four the year Hitler came into power. In 1941, the Frank girls were forced to transfer to a Jewish school.

Vocabulary Vitality- the power to live or grow Henchmen- a trusted attendant supporter or follower Annihilation- destruction Pectin- a white carbohydrate of high molecular weight Reeking- a strong, unpleasant smell

Entry 14....pages 160-170 4-26-11 Anne writes about how her mother and father never listen to her, and she thinks that they love her older sister Margot more. She realizes that her father never really talks about himself, so she does not really know that much about him, but she thinks that maybe that is why she says that she loves her father more than her mother. Anne was more fortunate than the other four kids that I read about in this book, Anne was closer to her family, and you could tell that they loved each other more than the rest of the other kids' families, and Anne also got to be annexed and not taken away for two years, unlike the other kids. Anne writes about what love is, and if people are supposed to love one another then she asks why this terrible thing is happening to all of these people. Anne's diary is so well-known compared to the other kids', because of her amazing writing skills.

Vocabulary Boisterous- rough and noisy Platitudes- a flat or dull remark Capitalists- a person invested in business enterprises Cultivate- to prepare and work on, in order to raise crops Incriminate- to present proof of a crime

Entry 15....pages 170-180 4-27-11 Anne writes about how herself, Margot and Peter have to do their lessons everyday, and how they still had to do school work even though they were annexed. Anne loves to learn, and she is a very smart girl with a big imagination. Some nights while she was lying in bed, she would write in her diary and come up with random things that could happen, using her wild imagination. One time she wrote about being stuck in a dungeon. She often had nightmares, because of the things she thought. Anne writes about how the best night of her life was on March 25, 1944, when she went up to Peter's room, and they basically started a relationship. On August 4, 1944, Anne, her family, the Van Daans, and Mr. Dussel, were found in the annex by Nazis, and were taken away.

Vocabulary Avert- to turn away Heath- a tract of open and uncultivated land Confide- to impart secrets trustfully Aberration- condition that causes blurring and loss of clearness in images Absurd- utterly senseless

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